Which treatment is indicated for a patient diagnosed with prolactinoma?

Cabergoline is the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, which are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that secrete excess prolactin. This medication is a dopamine agonist that effectively reduces prolactin levels, decreases tumor size, and alleviates symptoms associated with hyperprolactinemia, such as galactorrhea and menstrual irregularities.

Dopamine normally inhibits prolactin secretion, and by mimicking its action, cabergoline helps restore normal hormone levels. Treatment with cabergoline is often preferred due to its efficacy, favorable side effect profile, and the convenience of dosing—usually administered twice a week.

While surgical removal is an option for patients with larger tumors or those who do not respond to medication, cabergoline usually allows for effective management without the need for invasive procedures. Other treatments like radioactive iodine and thyroid hormone replacement are not relevant to the management of prolactinomas, as prolactinomas and conditions like hyperthyroidism are distinct entities requiring different therapeutic strategies.