Which syndrome is characterized by calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia?

The presence of calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia is characteristic of systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma. This systemic autoimmune disease results in the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

Calcinosis refers to the formation of calcium deposits in the skin and can cause pain and irritation. Raynaud's phenomenon involves episodes of reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes, leading to discoloration and discomfort, especially in response to cold or stress. Esophageal dysmotility is a result of fibrosis and smooth muscle dysfunction, leading to difficulty in swallowing or gastrointestinal issues. Sclerodactyly is a hallmark feature that manifests as thickening and tightening of the skin on the fingers, while telangiectasia refers to small dilated blood vessels visible on the skin, often appearing as red spots.

These symptoms align closely with the clinical criteria necessary for diagnosing systemic sclerosis. Other options such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and dermatomyositis have different clinical features that do not encompass the full spectrum presented in this question. Thus, systemic sclerosis is the appropriate diagnosis for the given symptoms.