Which sign is typically associated with constrictive pericarditis?

Kussmaul sign is the phenomenon characterized by a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure during inspiration, which is commonly associated with constrictive pericarditis. In normal circumstances, the jugular venous pressure typically decreases during inhalation due to the negative intrathoracic pressure that enhances venous return to the heart. However, in constrictive pericarditis, the rigid pericardial sac limits the heart's ability to fill adequately during diastole, leading to elevated venous pressures that do not decrease as expected. This can cause the Kussmaul sign, where the increase in venous pressure upon inhalation is observed.

Understanding this sign is crucial because it helps differentiate constrictive pericarditis from other conditions that may present similarly, such as restrictive cardiomyopathy. The presence of Kussmaul sign can assist clinicians in making a more accurate diagnosis and guide further investigation and management of the patient.