Which medication class is known to cause ototoxicity?

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are well-documented to cause ototoxicity, which is damage to the inner ear leading to hearing loss or balance issues. This side effect is particularly concerning because it can occur with both high doses and prolonged use of the medications within this class, such as gentamicin and streptomycin. The mechanism behind aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity involves the accumulation of the drugs in the inner ear structures, affecting the hair cells of the cochlea and vestibular system.

In contrast, other medication classes listed do not have a significant association with ototoxicity. Beta-blockers are primarily used in the management of cardiovascular conditions and do not typically affect hearing. Antidepressants, while they have a variety of side effects, are not known to cause hearing impairment as a common issue. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions and are also not associated with ototoxic effects. Therefore, aminoglycosides stand out as the medication class recognized for this particular adverse effect.