Which bacterium is most commonly associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is most commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is known to produce toxins, particularly the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TSS. These toxins can enter the bloodstream and trigger a widespread immune response leading to the symptoms of TSS, which may include high fever, rash, hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction.

S. aureus can be involved in TSS that arises from various sources, including menstrual products, surgical wounds, and skin infections. Understanding the relationship between S. aureus and TSS is key in recognizing and managing the condition effectively.

While other bacteria mentioned can cause severe infections, they are not primarily linked to TSS in the manner that S. aureus is. For example, Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a clinically similar condition known as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome but this is distinct from the classic TSS caused by S. aureus. Therefore, the significant association of Staphylococcus aureus with TSS is well-established in clinical practice and literature.