What type of lung issue is most commonly associated with systemic sclerosis?

Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, frequently leads to lung complications, with interstitial lung disease being one of the most significant. Interstitial fibrosis, specifically, represents the accumulation of fibrous tissue in the lung interstitium. This process can result in restrictive lung disease, which is characterized by reduced lung volumes and impaired gas exchange.

In patients with systemic sclerosis, the fibrotic process affects the lungs, resulting in reduced compliance and oxygen diffusion, which can lead to symptoms such as dyspnea and a decreased exercise tolerance. The presence of interstitial lung disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis. Surveillance for pulmonary involvement is critical in this patient population due to the impact on overall prognosis.

Other lung issues listed, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumothorax, and asthma, are not typically associated with systemic sclerosis. While these conditions can affect the lungs, they do not have the same direct connection or prevalence within the context of systemic sclerosis as interstitial fibrosis does. Thus, interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark lung issue tied to this autoimmune disease.