What skin manifestation is commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis?

Adenoma sebaceum, which appears as facial angiofibromas, is a classic skin manifestation associated with tuberous sclerosis. These lesions are typically small, reddish-brown bumps that develop on the face, particularly around the nose and cheeks. They are histologically characterized by the proliferation of sebaceous gland-like structures.

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder that leads to the development of benign tumors in multiple organ systems, including the skin. The presence of adenoma sebaceum is significant as it aids in the clinical diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis, often forming part of the criteria used for the condition.

Other options present conditions that do not correlate with tuberous sclerosis. For example, a port-wine stain is typically associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome, blue sclera is linked to conditions affecting collagen such as osteogenesis imperfecta, and red papules can be seen in multiple dermatological conditions but are not specific to tuberous sclerosis. Therefore, adenoma sebaceum is the most relevant and identifiable skin manifestation in patients with this disorder.