What is the clinical presentation of hepatorenal syndrome?

Hepatorenal syndrome is characterized by worsening renal function in patients with severe liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. One of the hallmark features of this syndrome is oliguria, which is defined as a decreased urine output (usually less than 400 mL per day). As kidney function declines, creatinine levels in the blood rise, indicating impaired renal function. This renal impairment occurs despite the absence of intrinsic kidney disease; rather, it is a consequence of advanced liver failure and associated alterations in hemodynamics and vasoconstriction.

Patients with hepatorenal syndrome typically experience noticeable changes in their urine output, and as oliguria develops, the creatinine level increases significantly, reflecting the severity of kidney impairment. In this context, oliguria and elevated creatinine are essential findings that help differentiate hepatorenal syndrome from other renal pathologies. These clinical indicators are critical for diagnosis and management, illustrating the profound interplay between liver function and renal health.