What is a significant risk factor for developing Reye syndrome?

Reye syndrome is a serious condition that occurs primarily in children and is often associated with viral infections, particularly influenza and chickenpox. A well-established significant risk factor for developing Reye syndrome is the use of aspirin during these viral illnesses. The exact mechanism by which aspirin contributes to the development of Reye syndrome is not completely understood, but it is believed to involve mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver cells, leading to fatty liver changes, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy.

The association between aspirin and Reye syndrome has been recognized for several decades, prompting public health recommendations against the use of aspirin in children for fever or pain relief during viral infections. This has led to a decrease in the incidence of Reye syndrome in populations that follow these guidelines.

Other potential factors such as the use of ibuprofen are not linked to Reye syndrome, and high cholesterol levels do not play a role in its etiology. While a family history of Reye syndrome could indicate a genetic predisposition or an increased awareness of the condition, it is not considered a significant risk factor compared to the direct use of aspirin during viral illnesses.