What is a primary feature of tumor lysis syndrome?

Tumor lysis syndrome is characterized by the rapid release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream following the destruction of cancer cells, often after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. A primary feature of tumor lysis syndrome includes metabolic abnormalities such as hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia.

Hyperuricemia occurs due to the breakdown of purines from nucleic acids when cells lyse, leading to increased levels of uric acid in the blood. This can result in gouty arthritis and acute kidney injury as uric acid precipitates in the renal tubules.

Hypocalcemia can occur as a result of the mobilization of phosphate into the bloodstream, leading to the formation of calcium-phosphate complexes. As phosphate increases, it binds with calcium, lowering serum calcium levels. This can present with symptoms such as tingling, cramping, or seizures.

Thus, recognizing these metabolic derangements is crucial for the timely management of tumor lysis syndrome, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment to prevent complications like acute kidney injury or cardiovascular instability.