What is a common consequence of vesicoureteral reflux?

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and potentially the kidneys. This retrograde flow can lead to frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in children, because it allows bacteria to reach the kidneys more easily. Recurrent infections can cause inflammation and damage to renal tissue, which may result in renal scarring over time. This scarring can then lead to long-term nephron loss and decreased kidney function.

Understanding the association between VUR and recurring UTIs helps clarify why managing VUR is critical, especially in pediatric populations. Effective treatment of VUR can significantly reduce the frequency of UTIs and, conversely, minimize the risk of renal scarring and related complications. The other options listed do not have a direct connection to vesicoureteral reflux, reinforcing that the main consequence is indeed the development of frequent urinary tract infections leading to renal scarring.