What is a common complication of infectious mononucleosis due to EBV?

Infectious mononucleosis, primarily caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is associated with a range of complications, one of the most notable being autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This condition arises when the body's immune response, triggered by the EBV infection, mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells. The presence of heterophile antibodies during infectious mononucleosis can lead to the formation of autoantibodies, which can result in the destruction of red blood cells and, consequently, hemolytic anemia. This complication illustrates the impact of EBV on the immune system, highlighting how infections can sometimes lead to autoimmune mechanisms.

Other complications related to infectious mononucleosis can include splenic rupture, hepatitis, or thrombocytopenia, but autoimmune hemolytic anemia is particularly significant in the context of the immune dysregulation associated with EBV infection. This key understanding allows healthcare providers to monitor patients for signs of hemolytic anemia and manage it appropriately.