What effect does nicotinic acid have on triglycerides and HDL levels?

Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, has a well-documented effect on lipid profiles, particularly in how it influences triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. One of the primary actions of nicotinic acid is to decrease triglyceride levels, which can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism involves the inhibition of hepatic triglyceride synthesis and the reduction of free fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue, leading to lower levels of triglycerides in circulation.

Moreover, nicotinic acid is effective in significantly increasing HDL levels, often referred to as "good" cholesterol. This increase in HDL is important because higher HDL levels are associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The enhancement of HDL is thought to occur through increased production of apolipoproteins that facilitate the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion.

Thus, the correct answer reflects the ability of nicotinic acid to reduce triglyceride levels while simultaneously increasing HDL cholesterol.