What characterizes central cord syndrome?

Central cord syndrome is characterized by greater weakness in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities. This condition typically occurs due to damage to the central part of the spinal cord, often as a result of a traumatic injury or conditions such as cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The central region of the cord is responsible for the motor function of the arms and hands, which is why individuals with central cord syndrome present with more pronounced weakness in the upper limbs.

In many cases, patients may retain relatively intact strength in their lower extremities while experiencing considerable weakness in the upper extremities. This differential weakness allows clinicians to distinguish central cord syndrome from other types of spinal cord injuries, such as those resulting in complete or asymmetric deficits. The presentation of symptoms can also involve sensory deficits and bladder dysfunction, but the hallmark is the upper extremity weakness, which is critical for proper diagnosis and management.