What are some causes of hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia, characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood, can occur due to several factors, particularly those that affect renal function or potassium balance in the body. The correct answer highlights several medications that significantly contribute to hyperkalemia.

ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which can lead to reduced aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in the regulation of potassium, promoting its excretion in the kidneys. When aldosterone levels decrease, the body retains more potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.

Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, directly inhibit potassium excretion in the kidneys. These medications are designed to prevent potassium loss while promoting the excretion of sodium and water. Consequently, their use can lead to an accumulation of potassium in the body.

NSAIDs can also contribute to hyperkalemia by decreasing renal blood flow, especially in patients who may already have compromised kidney function. This can impair the kidneys’ ability to excrete potassium, resulting in elevated serum potassium levels.

The other choices do not primarily cause hyperkalemia in the same direct manner. Overhydration could dilute potassium levels, while excessive vomiting typically leads to loss of potassium