In which condition do patients typically require lifelong hormone replacement therapy after treatment?

Patients with adrenal tuberculosis often require lifelong hormone replacement therapy following treatment. Adrenal tuberculosis can lead to primary adrenal insufficiency, commonly known as Addison's disease, due to the destruction of adrenal tissue. The adrenal glands produce hormones essential for various bodily functions, including cortisol and aldosterone.

When the adrenal glands are damaged or functioning inadequately, as can happen with tuberculosis, patients may experience symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and hypotension. Treatment typically includes glucocorticoids and may also involve mineralocorticoids, depending on the extent of adrenal failure. Since the damage is often irreversible, individuals will need to continue hormone replacement therapy for life to manage their symptoms and maintain normal physiological homeostasis.

Other conditions listed, while they may involve hormonal imbalances or deficiencies, do not generally require lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Glucagonoma is a type of tumor that secretes glucagon, leading to hyperglycemia; however, it is primarily managed by treating the underlying neoplasm. Pernicious anemia involves vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor and may require lifelong vitamin supplementation but does not involve adrenal hormone replacement. Whipple disease can affect nutrient absorption and may require dietary management and antibiotics but typically