At what gestational age are steroids administered for fetal lung maturity?

Steroids, specifically corticosteroids such as betamethasone or dexamethasone, are administered to pregnant individuals at risk of preterm delivery, particularly between 24 to 34 weeks of gestation, to promote fetal lung maturity. This treatment is crucial because it stimulates the production of surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents their collapse, which is vital for the baby to breathe effectively at birth.

The window of 24 to 34 weeks is particularly emphasized because it aligns with the period when the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is significant due to the developmental stage of the fetal lungs. Administering steroids before 24 weeks may be less effective since the lungs are not yet sufficiently developed, and the timing past 34 weeks is typically not necessary, as many fetuses are nearing delivery and may not benefit from additional surfactant production.

Therefore, administering steroids within this specific timeframe optimizes outcomes for premature infants, reducing the incidence of respiratory complications and improving overall neonatal health.